Both instruments contain two subscales labeled perseverance of effort (PE) and consistency of interests (CI). Over the past 15 years, researchers who study grit have largely relied upon two instruments to measure the construct: the original 12-item Grit Scale (Grit-O Duckworth et al., 2007) and the abbreviated 8-item Grit Scale-Short (Grit-S Duckworth and Quinn, 2009). As such, researchers typically regard grit as a personality characteristic that is adaptive for performance and health ( Dunn et al., 2021). Higher levels of grit have also been associated with better mental- and physical-health in students with chronic medical conditions ( Traino et al., 2019) and reduced depression and suicidal ideation in military personnel ( Pennings et al., 2015). For example, higher levels of grit have been linked with higher attainment levels in academic settings ( Credé et al., 2017), lower attrition rates in arduous military training/selection programs ( Eskreis-Winkler et al., 2014), and higher performance levels in competitive sport ( Cormier et al., 2021).
Grit-which reflects an individual’s dispositional tendency to pursue goals over long periods of time despite adversity and setbacks ( Duckworth et al., 2007)-has been identified as a personality characteristic that plays an important role in the achievement striving process in various performance domains. Our findings highlight the need for researchers to carefully consider the measurement approaches they adopt when studying grit in individuals who operate across different achievement settings. Results support the adoption of domain-specific approaches to measure grit in specific achievement contexts.
#Grit scale series#
Results obtained from a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that an academic-version of the Grit-S explained unique variance in academic emotional exhaustion beyond the variance explained by the domain-general version of the scale, and a sport-version of the Grit-S explained unique variance in competitive level beyond the variance explained by the domain-general version. In a sample of United Kingdom student-athletes ( N = 326, 214 males, 112 females Mage = 19.55 years, SD = 1.48 years), we examined the degree to which a domain-general version and two domain-specific versions of the Grit-S accounted for variance in two criterion variables that were either situated in an academic context (i.e., emotional exhaustion) or a sport context (i.e., competitive level). To date, no studies have compared the predictive validity of domain-general and domain-specific versions of the Grit-S with athletes who operate in different achievement settings. In the field of sport psychology, grit has traditionally been conceptualized and measured as a domain-general construct, with the majority of studies using the Grit Scale-Short (Grit-S: Duckworth and Quinn, 2009) to assess grit and its relationships with an array of personality-, performance-, and health-related outcomes. This paper contributes to the debate as to whether grit is best conceptualized and measured as a domain-specific or domain-general construct.
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